本篇文章主要介绍了Redis sentinel哨兵集群的实现步骤，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，下面一起来看一下，希望对大家有帮助。
推荐学习：Redis视频教程
【资料图】
一、Redis sentinel哨兵集群概述
（1）Redis哨兵概述
*Sentinel 哨兵：这是一个分布式系统，该进程是用于监控Redis集群中Master主服务器的工作状态，在Master主服务器发生故障时，可以实现Master和Slave服务器的秒级切换，保证系统有一个Master主服务器，提供了Redis集群的高可用，在Reids2.6.版本时被加入，到2.8版本之后得到了稳定
Redis哨兵和Redis主从的区别：
（2）Redis哨兵的工作机制
哨兵只需要部署在master主服务器上即可
工作进程：
（3）哨兵的三个定时监控任务
每隔10秒，每个Sentinel节点会向主节点和从节点发送info命令获取Redis数据节点的信息
每隔1秒，每个Sentinel节点会向主节点、从节点、发送一条ping命令做一次心跳检测，来确认这些节点当前是否可达如果主节点挂掉，那么sentinel，就会从剩余的从节点选择一个数据比较完整来做主节点
二、部署Redis哨兵系统
（1）实验环境
| 系统 | ip | 主机名 | Redis版本 | 端口 | 扮演角色 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centos7.4 | 192.168.100.202 | master | Redis-5.0.4 | Redis：6379 Sentinel：26379 | Master |
| Centos7.4 | 192.168.100.203 | slave1 | Redis-5.0.4 | Redis：6379 | Slave |
| Centos7.4 | 192.168.100.204 | slave2 | Redis-5.0.4 | Redis：6379 | Slave |
（2）实验步骤 -在每台服务器上都安装Redis
安装步骤相同，主机名、ip不同，下面只写Master配置
[root@Centos7 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master[root@Centos7 ~]# su[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[root@master ~]# setenforce 0setenforce: SELinux is disabled[root@master ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载mount: /dev/sr0 已经挂载或 /mnt 忙 /dev/sr0 已经挂载到 /mnt 上[root@master ~]# ll总用量 1928-rw-------. 1 root root 1264 1月 12 18:27 anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1966337 6月 9 01:16 redis-5.0.4.tar.gz[root@master ~]# tar xf redis-5.0.4.tar.gz[root@master ~]# cd redis-5.0.4[root@master redis-5.0.4]# make[root@master redis-5.0.4]# mkdir -p /usr/local/redis[root@master redis-5.0.4]# cp /root/redis-5.0.4/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis/[root@master redis-5.0.4]# cp /root/redis-5.0.4/src/redis-cli /usr/local/redis/[root@master redis-5.0.4]# cp /root/redis-5.0.4/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/ [root@master redis-5.0.4]# vim /usr/local/redis/redis.conf #修改。。。。。。 68 # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 69 bind 192.168.100.202 #修改为本机地址，如果为127.0.0.1就只能本机访问 70 。。。。。。 87 # are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive. 88 protected-mode no #关闭redis的保护模式，如果为yes的话其他客户端就无法连接到此服务器 89 。。。。。。 135 # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized. 136 daemonize yes #开启redis的后台守护程序，即在redis开启之后是放在后台运行的 137 。。。。。。 262 # Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name. 263 dir /usr/local/redis/rdb 264 。。。。。。 506 # 507 requirepass 123123 #去掉注释，修改redis的密码为123123 508 #保存退出[root@slave2 redis-5.0.4]# mkdir /usr/local/redis/rdb[root@master redis-5.0.4]# vim /etc/init.d/redis#!/bin/sh# chkconfig: 2345 80 90# description: Start and Stop redis#PATH=/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/binREDISPORT=6379EXEC=/usr/local/redis/redis-serverREDIS_CLI=/usr/local/redis/redis-cliPIDFILE=/var/run/redis_6379.pidCONF="/usr/local/redis/redis.conf"AUTH="123123"LISTEN_IP=$(netstat -utpln |grep redis-server |awk "{print $4}"|awk -F":" "{print $1}")case "$1" in start) if [ -f $PIDFILE ] then echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed" else echo "Starting Redis server..." $EXEC $CONF fi if [ "$?"="0" ] then echo "Redis is running..." fi ;; stop) if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ] then echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running" else PID=$(cat $PIDFILE) echo "Stopping ..." $REDIS_CLI -h $LISTEN_IP -p $REDISPORT -a $AUTH SHUTDOWN while [ -x ${PIDFILE} ] do echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..." sleep 1 done echo "Redis stopped" fi ;; restart|force-reload) ${0} stop ${0} start ;; *) echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2 exit 1esac[root@master redis-5.0.4]# chkconfig --add redis[root@master redis-5.0.4]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/redis[root@master redis-5.0.4]# ln -s /usr/local/redis/* /usr/local/bin/[root@master redis-5.0.4]# /etc/init.d/redis start Starting Redis server...5233:C 09 Jun 2021 01:25:53.069 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo5233:C 09 Jun 2021 01:25:53.069 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5233, just started5233:C 09 Jun 2021 01:25:53.069 # Configuration loadedRedis is running...[root@master redis-5.0.4]# netstat -anpt | grep 6379tcp 0 0 192.168.100.202:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5234/redis-server 1-做redis主从
******（1）Master配置[root@master redis-5.0.4]# vim /usr/local/redis/redis.conf #修改。。。。。。 292 # 293 masterauth 123123 #配置主服务器密码，哨兵有一个问题，就是当主服务器坏掉，切换到从服务器时，原来的主服务器可以正常运行之后，再次加入集群是加不进去的，因为哨兵没有配置主服务器的密码，所以无法连接，所以在使用哨兵集群时，要把每台的主服务器密码都配置上，每台redis的密码最好都一样 294 。。。。。。 456 # 457 min-replicas-to-write 1 #设置slave服务器的数量，当slave服务器少于这个数量时，Master主服务器会停止接收客户端的一切写请求 458 min-replicas-max-lag 10 #设置主服务器和从服务器之间同步数据的超时时间，当超过此时间时，master主服务器会停止客户端的一切写操作，单位为秒 459 #。。。。。。[root@master redis-5.0.4]# /etc/init.d/redis restart #重启redisStopping ...Warning: Using a password with "-a" or "-u" option on the command line interface may not be safe.Redis stoppedStarting Redis server...5291:C 09 Jun 2021 02:04:39.132 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo5291:C 09 Jun 2021 02:04:39.132 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5291, just started5291:C 09 Jun 2021 02:04:39.132 # Configuration loadedRedis is running...******（2）Slave1配置[root@slave1 redis-5.0.4]# vim /usr/local/redis/redis.conf 。。。。。。 285 # 286 replicaof 192.168.100.202 6379 #在从服务器上指定主服务器的ip和端口 287 。。。。。。 292 # 293 masterauth 123123 #指定主服务器上redis的密码 294。。。。。。#保存退出[root@slave redis-5.0.4]# /etc/init.d/redis restart #重启服务Stopping ...Warning: Using a password with "-a" or "-u" option on the command line interface may not be safe.Redis stoppedStarting Redis server...5304:C 09 Jun 2021 02:11:32.241 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo5304:C 09 Jun 2021 02:11:32.241 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5304, just started5304:C 09 Jun 2021 02:11:32.241 # Configuration loadedRedis is running...******（3）Slave2配置[root@slave2 redis-5.0.4]# vim /usr/local/redis/redis.conf 。。。。。。 286 replicaof 192.168.100.204 6379 287 288 # If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration 289 # directive below) it is possible to tell the replica to authenticate before 290 # starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will 291 # refuse the replica request. 292 # 293 masterauth 123123 294 。。。。。。#保存退出[root@slave2 redis-5.0.4]# /etc/init.d/redis restart Stopping ...Warning: Using a password with "-a" or "-u" option on the command line interface may not be safe.Redis stoppedStarting Redis server...5253:C 09 Jun 2021 17:50:25.680 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo5253:C 09 Jun 2021 17:50:25.680 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5253, just started5253:C 09 Jun 2021 17:50:25.680 # Configuration loadedRedis is running...******（3）验证主从是否成功[root@master ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.202 -a 123123Warning: Using a password with "-a" or "-u" option on the command line interface may not be safe.192.168.100.202:6379> set aaa bbbOK192.168.100.202:6379> set bbb ccc OK192.168.100.202:6379> keys *1) "aaa"2) "bbb"[root@slave1 ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.203 -a 123123Warning: Using a password with "-a" or "-u" option on the command line interface may not be safe.192.168.100.203:6379> keys *1) "bbb"2) "aaa"192.168.100.203:6379> set ttt fff(error) READONLY You can"t write against a read only replica. #从服务器无法写入数据[root@slave2 redis-5.0.4]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.204 -a 123123Warning: Using a password with "-a" or "-u" option on the command line interface may not be safe.192.168.100.204:6379> keys *1) "aaa"2) "bbb"192.168.100.204:6379> set ggg aaa(error) READONLY You can"t write against a read only replica.#主从配置完成
-配置哨兵
******（1）在master上配置sentinel哨兵[root@master ~]# cp redis-5.0.4/src/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis/ #复制哨兵启动脚本[root@master ~]# cp redis-5.0.4/sentinel.conf /usr/local/redis/ #复制哨兵配置文件[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /var/redis/data #创建日志文件存放位置[root@master ~]# vim /usr/local/redis/sentinel.conf #修改哨兵配置文件。。。。。。 21 port 26379 #指定端口默认为26379 22 23 # By default Redis Sentinel does not run as a daemon. Use "yes" if you need it. 24 # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis-sentinel.pid when 25 # daemonized. 26 daemonize yes #yes为放在后台运行，使用no放在前台运行可以看到主从切换时候的信息 27 。。。。。。 64 # unmounting filesystems. 65 dir /var/redis/data #指定日志存放位置，就是刚才创建的路径 66 。。。。。。 83 # The valid charset is A-z 0-9 and the three characters ".-_". 84 sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.100.202 6379 1 #指定用户为mymaster，ip为202，端口为6379，1表示当有一台master出现故障时，就进行切换 85 86 # sentinel a。。。。。。112 # Default is 30 seconds.113 sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000 #指定master的失效时间，单位为毫秒3000为3秒，表示master超过3秒没响应就判定为故障114 。。。。。。145 # Default is 3 minutes.146 sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 180000 #切换操作完成的超时时间，单位为毫秒180000为180秒，在主从切换超过这个时间就判定为切换失败147 148 # SCRIPTS EXE。。。。。。102 #103 sentinel auth-pass mymaster 123123 #连接master和slave的密码104 sentinel config-epoch mymaster 1 #切换后最多有多少节点可以于新的master进行同步数据105 #保存退出[root@master ~]# /usr/local/redis/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis/sentinel.conf #启动哨兵1118:X 09 Jun 2021 18:09:29.027 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo1118:X 09 Jun 2021 18:09:29.027 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1118, just started1118:X 09 Jun 2021 18:09:29.027 # Configuration loaded[root@master ~]# netstat -anpt | grep 26379tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:26379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1119/redis-sentinel tcp6 0 0 :::26379 :::* LISTEN 1119/redis-sentinel [root@master ~]# kill -9 1119 #先关闭哨兵[root@master ~]# netstat -anpt | grep 26379[root@master ~]# sed -i "26s/yes/no/g" /usr/local/redis/sentinel.conf #修改为前台启动[root@master ~]# /usr/local/redis/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis/sentinel.conf #再次开启哨兵，稍等一段时间会有提示1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.585 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.585 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1129, just started1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.585 # Configuration loaded1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.586 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024). _._ _.-``__ ""-._ _.-`` `. `_. ""-._ Redis 5.0.4 (00000000/0) 64 bit .-`` .-". "\/ _.,_ ""-._ ( " , .-` | `, ) Running in sentinel mode |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|"` _.-"| Port: 26379 | `-._ `._ / _.-" | PID: 1129 `-._ `-._ `-./ _.-" _.-" |`-._`-._ `-.__.-" _.-"_.-"| | `-._`-._ _.-"_.-" | http://redis.io `-._ `-._`-.__.-"_.-" _.-" |`-._`-._ `-.__.-" _.-"_.-"| | `-._`-._ _.-"_.-" | `-._ `-._`-.__.-"_.-" _.-" `-._ `-.__.-" _.-" `-._ _.-" `-.__.-" 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.586 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.586 # Sentinel ID is fce7776020cf12792fd239f6f9d34f2d3fdef98c1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.586 # +monitor master mymaster 192.168.100.202 6379 quorum 11129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:18:04.434 * +reboot slave 192.168.100.204:6379 192.168.100.204 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.202 6379 #看到新增两条消息，从服务器增加了203和204主服务器时2021129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:18:14.478 * +reboot slave 192.168.100.203:6379 192.168.100.203 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.202 6379#哨兵配置完成
-测试哨兵的故障切换
******（1）把master服务器在开启一个终端，在新开启的终端中关闭redis，测试是否可以主从切换[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/redis stop Stopping ...Warning: Using a password with "-a" or "-u" option on the command line interface may not be safe.Redis stopped******（2）切换到开启哨兵的终端，查看新弹出的信息1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:20:36.588 # +failover-end master mymaster 192.168.100.202 63791129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:20:36.588 # +switch-master mymaster 192.168.100.202 6379 192.168.100.203 63791129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:20:36.588 * +slave slave 192.168.100.204:6379 192.168.100.204 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.203 6379 #发现主服务器变成了2031129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:20:36.588 * +slave slave 192.168.100.202:6379 192.168.100.202 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.203 63791129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:20:39.607 # +sdown slave 192.168.100.202:6379 192.168.100.202 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.203 6379‘******（3）在203上测试主从复制是否可以正常同步[root@slave1 ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.203 -a 123123Warning: Using a password with "-a" or "-u" option on the command line interface may not be safe.192.168.100.203:6379> keys *1) "aaa"2) "bbb"192.168.100.203:6379> set yyy aaaOK192.168.100.203:6379> keys *1) "yyy"2) "aaa"3) "bbb"[root@slave2 redis-5.0.4]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.204 -a 123123Warning: Using a password with "-a" or "-u" option on the command line interface may not be safe.192.168.100.204:6379> keys * #发现同步成功1) "yyy"2) "bbb"3) "aaa"******（4）此时重新开启202的redis，并且查看哨兵的提示消息[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/redis start Starting Redis server...1167:C 09 Jun 2021 18:23:39.756 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo1167:C 09 Jun 2021 18:23:39.756 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1167, just started1167:C 09 Jun 2021 18:23:39.756 # Configuration loadedRedis is running...1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:23:50.324 * +convert-to-slave slave 192.168.100.202:6379 192.168.100.202 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.203 6379 #提示增加了一台slave******（5）在202的新终端上查看redis的数据是否成功同步[root@master ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.202 -a 123123Warning: Using a password with "-a" or "-u" option on the command line interface may not be safe.192.168.100.202:6379> keys * #发现已经成功同步1) "bbb"2) "aaa"3) "yyy"#测试故障切换缓存，发现在master主机出现故障然后重新连接到集群后，master角色不会进行转移
-哨兵日志分析
#把哨兵放在前台运行时，日志信息会直接输出到终端上，放到后台运行时，日志会写到指定的路径中+reset-master#当master被重置时.+slave #当检测到一个slave并添加进slave列表时.+failover-state-reconf-slaves #Failover状态变为reconf-slaves状态时+failover-detected #当failover发生时+slave-reconf-sent #sentinel发送SLAVEOF命令把它重新配置时+slave-reconf-inprog #slave被重新配置为另外一个master的slave，但数据复制还未发生时。+slave-reconf-done #slave被重新配置为另外一个master的slave并且数据复制已经与master同步时。-dup-sentinel #删除指定master上的冗余sentinel时,当一个sentinel重新启动时，可能会发生这个事件+sentinel #当master增加了一个sentinel时。+sdown #进入SDOWN状态时;-sdown #离开SDOWN状态时。+odown #进入ODOWN状态时。-odown #离开ODOWN状态时。+new-epoch #当前配置版本被更新时。+try-failover #达到failover条件，正等待其他sentinel的选举。+elected-leader #被选举为去执行failover的时候。+failover-state-select-slave #开始要选择一个slave当选新master时。no-good-slave #没有合适的slave来担当新masterselected-slave #找到了一个适合的slave来担当新masterfailover-state-send-slaveof-noone #当把选择为新master的slave的身份进行切换的时候。failover-end-for-timeout #failover由于超时而失败时。failover-end #failover成功完成时。switch-master #当master的地址发生变化时。通常这是客户端最感兴趣的消息了。+tilt #进入Tilt模式。-tilt #退出Tilt模式。
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